Computer Memory Layout (Not to Scale)

Figure 2: A hypothetical layout of reader and some secret data in computer memory. Because computer memory is laid out linearly, it is possible to access any part of it in terms of a positive or negative index into reader. Access to reader should be limited by its bounds, 0 to 255. If bounds checks are bypassed, even by a few speculatively executed instructions, it is possible to access memory without proper permission.
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